Simulation of dynamic earthquake ruptures in complex geometries using high-order finite difference methods

Jeremy E. Kozdon, Eric M. Dunham, & Jan Nordström

Published April 2013, SCEC Contribution #1424

We develop a stable and high-order accurate finite difference method for problems in earthquake rupture dynamics capable of handling complex geometries and multiple faults. The bulk material is an isotropic elastic solid cut by preexisting fault interfaces. The fields across the interfaces are related through friction laws which depend on the sliding velocity, tractions acting on the interface, and state variables which evolve according to ordinary differential equations involving local fields. The method is based on summation-by-parts finite difference operators with irregular geometries handled through coordinate transforms and multi-block meshes. Boundary conditions as well as block interface conditions (whether frictional or otherwise) are enforced weakly through the simultaneous approximation term method, resulting in a provably stable discretization. The theoretical accuracy and stability results are confirmed with the method of manufactured solutions. The practical benefits of the new methodology are illustrated in a simulation of a subduction zone megathrust earthquake, a challenging application problem involving complex free-surface topography, nonplanar faults, and varying material properties.

Citation
Kozdon, J. E., Dunham, E. M., & Nordström, J. (2013). Simulation of dynamic earthquake ruptures in complex geometries using high-order finite difference methods. Journal of Scientific Computing, 55(1), 92-124. doi: 10.1007/s10915-012-9624-5.