San Andreas fault earthquake hazard model validation using probabilistic analysis of precariously balanced rocks and Bayesian updating

Anna H. Rood, Peter J. Stafford, & Dylan H. Rood

Published January 17, 2024, SCEC Contribution #13369

The Mojave section of the San Andreas fault is the closest section to the megacity of greater Los Angeles. A major issue is that the life-threatening hazard estimate to the population of a future rare, large earthquake on this fault section is highly uncertain and untested at timescales and ground motions beyond limited historical recordings. Of relevance to this issue is that despite the past tens of thousands of years of San Andreas fault earthquakes, the nearby precariously balanced rocks at Lovejoy Buttes have survived these ground motions. Therefore, the fragility and age of these precariously balanced rocks provide crucial ground-motion constraints over the timescales of rare, large San Andreas fault earthquakes. We rigorously validate and update an earthquake hazard model for the Mojave section of the San Andreas fault using the independent observational data of precariously balanced rock survival at Lovejoy Buttes. The joint probability of survival of all five studied precariously balanced rocks was used to validate the hazard estimates and reweight the estimates using new Bayesian updating methods to deliver an improved, precariously balanced rock-informed earthquake hazard estimate. At an annual frequency of exceedance of 1x10-4 yr-1, equivalent to an earthquake mean recurrence interval of 10,000 years, the precariously balanced rock survival data significantly reduced mean hazard ground-motion estimate by 65% and the 5th-95th fractile uncertainty range by 72%. The magnitude of this inconsistency provides striking evidence for the need to reevaluate both the source and ground motion components of our earthquake hazard model for the southern San Andreas fault.

Citation
Rood, A. H., Stafford, P. J., & Rood, D. H. (2024). San Andreas fault earthquake hazard model validation using probabilistic analysis of precariously balanced rocks and Bayesian updating . Seismological Research Letters,. doi: 10.1785/0220220287.