EikoNet: Solving the Eikonal equation with Deep Neural Networks, with applications to earthquake location
Jonathan D. Smith, Kamyar Azizzadenesheli, &
Zachary E. Ross
Published August 15, 2020, SCEC Contribution #10665,
2020 SCEC Annual Meeting Poster
#034 (PDF)
The recent deep learning revolution has created an enormous opportunity for accelerating compute capabilities in the context of physics-based simulations. Here, we propose EikoNet, a deep learning approach to solving the Eikonal equation, which characterizes the first-arrival-time field in heterogeneous 3D velocity structures. Our grid-free approach allows for rapid determination of the travel time between any two points within a continuous 3D domain. These travel time solutions are allowed to violate the differential equation, which casts the problem as one of optimization, with the goal of finding network parameters that minimize the degree to which the equation is violated. In doing so, the method exploits the differentiability of neural networks to calculate the spatial gradients analytically, meaning the network can be trained on its own without ever needing solutions from a finite difference algorithm. Training and inference are highly parallelized, making the approach well-suited for GPUs. EikoNet has low memory overhead, and further avoids the need for travel-time lookup tables
EikoNet is rigorously tested on several toy velocity models, real-world velocity models and sampling methods to demonstrate robustness and versatility. We outlinethe application to earthquake hypocenter inversion, ray multi-pathing, and tomographic modelling. Demonstrating the advantages of this method over conventional finite-difference approaches.
Key Words
Machine Learning, Earthquake Location, Seismology
Citation
Smith, J. D., Azizzadenesheli, K., & Ross, Z. E. (2020, 08). EikoNet: Solving the Eikonal equation with Deep Neural Networks, with applications to earthquake location. Poster Presentation at 2020 SCEC Annual Meeting.
Related Projects & Working Groups
Seismology
